Objective:
This project will demonstrate two technologies for reducing Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines. Both of these technologies will be demonstrated for a 1-year period on a total of eight operational Department of Defense (DoD) vehicles that are fueled using either the current low-sulfur diesel or the B20 biodiesel. As a result, applicable cost and performance information will be obtained that is critical in selecting the most appropriate technology for future new engine purchases and in complying with expected future diesel engine retrofit regulations.
Technology Description:
The two technologies to be demonstrated are described below:
(1) Cummins, Inc. has developed the Robust Particulate Filter to reduce PM emissions from diesel engines by up to 90%. The system consists of four main parts: a catalyzed soot filter (CSF), a diesel oxidation catalyst, a fuel injection system, and the electronic control system. The CSF traps the exhaust PM air emissions using a wall-flow filtering process with very small pore sizes. Periodically, high exhaust temperatures, either from a high load on the engine or from fuel directly injected into the exhaust, cause the accumulated soot to oxidize. This process is termed "regeneration." The diesel oxidation catalyst installed upstream from the CSF reduces carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and the soluble portion of the PM emissions through a chemical oxidation process. The fuel injection system periodically injects fuel into the exhaust system upstream from the diesel oxidation catalyst. The catalyst chemically oxidizes this fuel. The heat produced by the oxidation reactions is used to regenerate the CSF. The electronic control system determines when the fuel injection system will be activated. The control system uses a differential pressure detector installed across the CSF to determine when the CSF is sufficiently loaded with soot and thus a regeneration event is required.
(2) Environmental Solutions Worldwide, Inc. (ESW) has developed an advanced diesel oxidation catalyst that reduces PM emissions by up to 60%, twice the reduction of traditional diesel oxidation catalysts but lower than the 90% reduction possible with the Robust Particulate Filter. While traditional diesel oxidation catalysts reduce CO, HC, and the soluble portion of the PM emissions, the ESW Particulate Reactor also reduces a portion of the back carbon emissions. This reduction is accomplished through use of a flow-through filtering process with large pore sizes where the filter media is coated with the catalyst material.
Expected Benefits:
These two technologies provide significant PM emissions reductions from diesel exhaust. Both technologies appear to be good candidates for technical and commercial success in the new and retrofit engine market. (Anticipated Project Completion - 2006)
Principal Investigator:
Mr. Bruce Holden
Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center
1100 23rd Avenue, Code ESC 421
Port Hueneme, CA 93043
Telephone: (805) 982-6050
Fax: (805) 982-1409
E-mail: bruce.holden@navy.mil
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